Riesgo de Déficit Atencional/Hiperactividad en Escolares Aymara, Rapa-Nui y de Santiago de Chile. Posible Contribución de Polimorfismos Genéticos del Sistema Dopaminérgico.

Author
Lagos, Liza Paz; Tesista de Doctorado. Instituto de Alta Investigación (IAI). Universidad de Tarapacá

Silva, Claudio; Escuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile.

Rothhammer, Paula; Departamento de Psiquiatría, Escuela de Medicina Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

Carrasco, Ximena; Servicio de Neurología y Psiquiatría infantil, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile

Llop, Elena; Programa de Genética Humana, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile

Aboitiz, Francisco; Departamento de Psiquiatría, Escuela de Medicina Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

Rothhammer, Francisco; Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá Arica, Chile. Programa de Genética Humana, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile.

Full text
http://www.revistamedicadechile.cl/ojs/index.php/rmedica/article/view/1059
Abstract
RISK OF ATTENTION DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER  IN AYMARA AND RAPA-NUI  SCHOOL CHILDREN. ASSOCIATION WITH  DOPAMINERGIC SYSTEM POLYMORPHISMS. Background: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common, highly heritable neurobiological disorder of childhood onset, characterized by hyperactivity, impulsiveness or inattentiveness. Aim: To search for differences in risk for ADHD and its components among Chilean native and mixed populations and to look for possible associations with dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) and dopamine transporter 1 (DAT1) polymorphisms. Material and Methods: School teachers were requested to complete the Conners  test,  which uses DSM-IV criteria, to screen for ADHD risk among Aymara and Rapa-Nui students. Results:  Rapa-Nui children from Easter Island had the highest risk of hyperactivity/impulsiveness. Aymara children from the Arica-Parinacota Region  had lower scores. Although inattentiveness scores had lower differences  between groups, overall ADHD score differences among studied populations were highly significant. DRD4 and DAT1 alleles had a heterogeneous distribution. Easter islanders had more divergent frequencies, most probably as a result of separate migration routes utilized at different time periods during the colonization of America and Polynesia. Conclusions: The comparison of ADHD risk parameters  between  Rapa-Nui   and  Aymara children  showed marked differences. Allele distribution of dopamine polymorphisms in Easter Island was also significantly different from northern Chile, due probably to different colonization histories. These findings suggest  that higher ADHD  risk scores in Easter Island children may be linked to the presence of different DRD4 alleles. 
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