Introduction and Objective. There is little evidence in Latin America about the impact of the ACC/AHA 2017 guideline. Taking as reference the JNC 7 guideline, the objective of our study is to estimate changes in the prevalence of arterial hypertension (HBP) according to socio-demographic characteristics and geographic regions, applying the criteria of the new ACC / AHA guide 2017. Methods. Cross-sectional study of the Demographic and Family Health Survey conducted in Peru in 2017. Standardized weighted hypertension prevalence’s were estimated for the WHO population according to both guidelines, and absolute differences with 95% CI. Results. We included 30 682 people aged 18 years and over, with an average age of 42.3 years, 51.1% women. The standardized prevalence of HBP for 2017 according to JNC 7 was 14.4% (95% CI: 13.8-15.1) and according to ACC / AHA 2017 it was 32.9% (95% CI: 32.0-33.7), so the prevalence increase is 18.5 percentage points, being higher in males than females (24.2 vs. 12.9 respectively). In people with obesity and / or who consume tobacco, the increases were higher (24.3 and 24.1 percentage points respectively). In the regions of Tacna, Ica and Metropolitan Lima, the increase, in comparison with the JNC 7 guidelines, overcome the national average (22.4, 20.7 and 20.4, percentage points, respectively). Conclusions. Considering the context of a Latin American country and knowing the epidemiology of hypertension in Peru, the potential adoption of the ACC/AHA 2017 guidelines for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of hypertension should be accompanied by an evaluation of the impact at the individual, system and social level.Background: The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) 2017 guideline recommends using 130/80 mm Hg as a threshold value for the diagnosis of hypertension. Aim: To assess the changes in the prevalence of hypertension using these new values, taking as reference the Joint National Committee (JNC) 7 guideline. Material and methods: Secondary analysis of the data from the Demographic and Family Health Survey performed in Peru in 2017. Standardized weighted hypertension prevalence was estimated according to both guidelines. Results: We analyzed data from 30 682 adults aged with a mean age of 42.3 years (51.1% women). The standardized prevalence of hypertension for 2017 according to JNC 7 was 14.4% (95% confidence intervals (CI): 13.8-15.1) and 32.9% (95% CI: 32.0-33.7%) according to ACC / AHA 2017, representing an increase in 18.5 percentage points. This increase was higher in males than females (24.2 vs. 12.9 percentage points respectively). The increases were 24.3 and 24.1 percentage points in people who are obese and smokers, respectively. In the regions of Tacna, Ica and Metropolitan Lima, the increase was over the national average (22.4, 20.7 and 20.4, percentage points, respectively). Conclusions: The implementation of the new ACC/AHA guidelines would cause a great change in the prevalence of hypertension with all the inherent public health consequences.