PREVALENCE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AMONG CHILDREN WITH DOWN SYNDROME.Background: Neurological disturbances are common problems in children with Down Syndrome (DS). Aim: To determine the prevalence of neurological disorders affecting children with Down Syndrome. Patients and methods: Review of  medical records of 253 children aged from 1 day to 23 years affected with DS, attended at a public hospital and a University clinic. Results: The overall prevalence of neurological disorders was 38.7%. The most common problems were ocular motor disorders in 26% of cases and epilepsy in 12%. Conclusions: Neurological disorders are more common in children with DS than in the general population. Motor ocular disorders and epilepsy are the predominant disturbances detected.