In this general article are presented important advances ¡ti the scierrtific knowledge óf the South American Camelids in Chile. Mainh, in some physiological variables, measured in his natural environment, the Andean high platean, and in. the semiarid central valley and the patagonia environment of Chile, where they have been rnaintained,for a long time, extremely different from the Andean high plateau. Results showed an excellent adaptation ability of South American Cainelids to very different environrnental conditions, specially related to altitude and temperature, without important physiological modifications. Key Words: Camelids, adaptation, physiology.