This article proposes a theoretical framework to understand the forms of intervention in the public space that is development on the part of the social movement and political resistance to the military dictatorship already installed in Chile between 1973 and 1989. The social movement, the resistance and the political violence are issues which cross the tensions that had to deal with the military regime; then we installe a series of theoretical posibilities that help us to understand the political and social fracture more relevant of the chilean republican history, collecting diversity of looks from differents disciplines to analyze the recent past of the country.Este artículo propone un marco teórico para comprender las formas de intervención en el espacio público que se desarrolló durante la dictadura militar instalada en Chile entre 1973 y 1989. El movimiento social, la resistencia y la violencia política son cuestiones que cruzan las tensiones que hubo de enfrentar el régimen militar; instalamos entonces una serie de posibilidades teóricas que ayuden a comprender la fractura política y social más relevante de la historia republicana chilena, recogiendo diversidad de miradas desde distintas disciplinas para analizar el pasado reciente del país.