This paper criticizes the way in which our legal system assigns custody of children. Mostly articulated from sources of comparative law, it presents a system of powers and rights for the non-custodial parent, which is respectful of the principle of equality of parents, which in turn is comprised in the principle of the best interests of the child. The Chilean system is analysed concerning the changes introduced by the recent reform of 2013.El presente texto critica el modo en que se asigna el cuidado personal en nuestro Derecho, pero sobre todo articula, a partir del Derecho comparado, un sistema de facultades y derechos para el padre no custodio respetuoso del principio de la igualdad de los padres, que estaría subsumido dentro del principio del interés superior del niño, comparando el sistema chileno antes y después de la reciente Reforma del 2013.