A study on the emergence and twelve principles of Green chemistry has been thoroughly discussed. Syntheses of polymers and nanoparticles with the aid of greener method have been elucidated. Phase transfer catalysis is found to play Key role in the synthesis of various multistep processes to one pot cascade reaction. Ionic liquids have emerged out as alternative green solvent in synthetic chemistry replacing traditional organic ones due to environmental and health concerns. Non ionic surfactants notably due to their characteristic temperature induced clouding phenomena and subsequent phase separation above cloud point have been found potential application in the field of preconcentration and extraction of various metal ions, organic and inorganic industrial pollutants and pesticides.