The chemical structure change and rheological behaviour of heat-treated Obeche (Triplochiton scleroxylon) wood were investigated. Wood samples were treated at 160 and 200°C for 30, 60 and 120 minutes. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were employed to characterize the chemical structure and rheological property of the heat-treated wood, respectively. Infrared data showed that there was a reduction in the number of hydroxyl groups (one of the factors normally attributed to water absorption) of heat treated wood relative to the control samples. The relative cellulose crystallinity increased slightly which may be one of the factors contributing to the stiffness of the heat-treated wood. The latter increases with increasing treatment temperature and time. The rheological properties of the wood samples were tested while submerged in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent under saturated conditions. DMA results showed that the increasing heat treatment time caused an increase in the glass transition temperature relative to the control sample, irrespective of the treatment temperature. Therefore, heat treatment at moderately high temperatures (160 and 200 °C) showed an interesting potential which could be used to reduce water absorption and improve flexural modulus of Obeche wood.