The objective this study was to evaluate protected environment and soil cover effects on the performance of lettuce cultivars in the conditions of semi-arid northeastern Brazil. We used a randomized blocks experimental design with three factors (2 x 2 x 2) with four repetitions, totaling eight treatment combinations of two lettuce cultivars (Babá de verão and Primavera de verão), with two conditions of protected environment (with and without agro-textile) and two conditions of soil cover (with and without carnauba straw). The Maravilha de verão cultivar produced three more leaves than the Babá de verão cultivar. In the presence of agro-textile the production cultivars did not differ with or without carnauba straw. However, without agro-textile the cultivars showed differences in production when grown without carnauba straw. This indicates that only one control condition (with agro-textile or with carnauba straw) is sufficient to control weeds and maintain the productive potential of lettuce cultivars.