The Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) has been studied for many years since the finding of mummies and fossils. In Egypt of the pharaos, papyrus from the year 3000 B.C. remark the care in which a luxation of the TMJ should be undertaken. In India, at the beggining of the Christian age, in Hipocrates' Greece and in Pergamo of Galenus the TMJ has also been the focus of several studies. But it was Vesalius (Andreae Vesalli), with his particular teaching methodology and publication of his masterpiece De Humani Corporis Fabrica, who showed the way to study Human Anatomy as it is done today. The description of the face bones, of the articular disc and the muscles used for chewing are all a contribution from Vesalius to the anatomic-functional study of TMJ