Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous heavy metal whose concentrations have been increasing in Brazilian soils, largely due to mining activities. Eucalyptus species are widely planted in Brazil to produce raw materials, and the confirmation of their phytoremediation potential would link their economic and environmental roles. We examined the Cd-tolerance of Eucaliptus camaldulenses Dehnh and the anatomical and physiological features associated with that capacity. Plants were grown under greenhouse conditions in nutrient solutions with increasing concentrations of Cd (0, 15, 25, 45, 90 µmol m-3). Shoot biomass production was less sensitive to the phytotoxic effects of cadmium than root biomass production due to low Cd transport rates from roots to shoots. Increases in epidermal and endodermal thickness, changes in the vascular conductive elements of the roots, as well as differential nutrient distributions between roots and shoots are features of Cd tolerance in this species. The Cd tolerance of E. camaldulenses and its high biomass production support its potential use in Cd phytoremediation programs.