Multiauthorship shows an increasing trend in biomedical and other scientific journals. A main concern for editors, reviewers and readers is to find out whether all individuals enlisted as authors actually fulfill criteria for authorship as defined in the document "Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals". Revista Médica de Chile is addressing this relevant topic with a combined strategy: (1) A retrospective analysis of the manuscripts published in the recent decades in the Revista will quantify and illustrate the local trend in multiauthorship; (2) A "Statement of accountability": signed by all authors in manuscripts submitted to the Revista, is in use since 1997; and (3) A new form of this "Statement of accountability" requests all authors to identify their personal involvement in the work represented by the manuscript. This information will be available to every person participating in the editorial assessment of the manuscript (editors and external reviewers) but during a trial period of six months authors will be allowed to object the publication of this data, stating the reasons for this objection. After six months the editors will evaluate the information collected and the self-declared role of every author enlisted. The terms "Authors" and "Main author" will continue being used to designate participants because "contributor" (replacement alternative proposed by Rennie et al., currently in use by several leading general medical journals) has a different main meaning in Spanish than in English and it might have a negative effect. (Rev Méd Chile 2000;128: 363-6)