Enfermedad renal por depósito idiopático de cadenas livianas. Caso clínico.
Author
Trimarchi, Hernán
Lombi, Fernando
Forrester, Mariano
Pomeranz, Vanesa
Rabinovich, Oscar
Stemmelin, Germán R.
Ruiz, Pablo A.
Iotti, Alejandro
Young, Pablo
Abstract
KIDNEY INVOLVEMENT IN IDIOPATHIC LIGHT CHAIN DISEASE. REPORT OF ONE CASE Idiopathic Light Chain disease (ILCD) is a systemic disease characterized by a deposit in different organs of light chain monoclonal immunoglobulins, produced by an abnormal clone of B cells. It is usually found in the course of a plasma cell dyscrasia and in other lymphoproliferative alterations; however it may occur in absence of any hematologic disease and is denominated as idiopathic. We report a 51 years old male admitted to the hospital due to anasarca. Laboratory evaluation showed a serum creatinine of 1.4 mg/dl, a serum albumin of 1.6 g/dl, a serum cholesterol of 687 mg/dl and a proteinuria of 5.3 g/day. Light chains with a predominance of a monoclonal component were identified in urinary proteins by electrophoresis and kappa chains were identified by immunofixation. A renal biopsy showed a diffuse nodular glomerulopathy with a 35% tubular atrophy and interstitial sclerosis. Electron microscopy confirmed light chain deposition. The bone marrow biopsy showed a myeloid hyperplasia. The patient was initially treated with methylprednisolone and plasmapheresis with a reduction in serum creatinine and disappearance of urinary kappa component. Albuminuria persisted and a malnutrition-inflammatory complex syndrome was diagnosed. Hemodialysis with ultrafiltration was started along with cyclophosphamide. The patient received hemodialysis for six months and continued with methylprednisolone.