Suicide attempt in teenagers: associated factors
Intento de suicidio en adolescentes: factores asociados
Author
Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio A.
Luna-Contreras, Marisol
Full text
http://www.revistachilenadepediatria.cl/index.php/rchped/article/view/101210.32641/andespediatr.v90i6.1012
Abstract
Attempted suicide is the main risk factor for completed suicides.Objective: To analyze the prevalence of attempted suicide in junior high school and high school students in Mexico City, and its associated factors.Subjects and Method: Observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study conducted with data from the Mexico National Survey on Drug Use Among Students (ENCODE) 2012. The validated survey was anonymous, structured and self-applied, and contains seven sections: Sociodemographic; Tobacco, alcohol and drug use; Problems related to drug use; Antisocial behavior; Social sphere; Interpersonal sphere and Personal sphere. Family atmosphere, communication with parents, and self-esteem indexes were created using principal component analysis. A binomial logistic regression model was adjusted, and the odds ratio (OR) were analyzed.Results: The estimated prevalence of attempted suicide was 6.8%. The factors that increased the attempted suicide possibility were: being a woman (OR 3.1), be under 16 years old (OR 1.6), living in an unfavorable family atmosphere (OR 1.5) or having a poor communication with parents (OR 1.8), having low self-esteem (OR 1.9), behavioral or learning problems (OR 1.4) or suffering a mental illness (OR 3.6); having been forced into sexual contact (OR 2.6); or drugs use, smoking or alcohol consumption (OR 1.7, 1.2 and 1.7).Conclusions: The attempted suicide prevention should be focused on women younger than 16 years, with any psychiatric disorder, behavioral problem or low self-esteem, who live in an unfavorable family atmosphere, with risky behavior such as smoking, or alcohol or drugs consumption, or who have been forced into sexual contact. El intento de suicidio es el principal factor de riesgo del suicidio consumado.Objetivo: Analizar la prevalencia de intento de suicidio en adolescentes estudiantes de secundaria y bachillerato de la Ciudad de México, y sus factores asociados.Sujetos y Método: Estudio observacional, transversal y descriptivo con la Encuesta de Consumo de Drogas en Estudiantes de la Ciudad de México en 2012. El cuestionario validado, fue anónimo, estructurado y autoaplicado, contiene siete secciones: Sociodemográfica; Consumo de tabaco, alcohol y drogas; Problemas relacionados con el consumo de drogas; Conducta antisocial; Ámbito social; Ámbito interpersonal y Ámbito personal. Se crearon índices de clima familiar, comunicación con los padres y autoestima utilizando análisis de componentes principales. Se ajustó un modelo de regresión logística binomial y se analizaron las razones de momios (OR).Resultados: La prevalencia estimada de intento de suicidio fue 6,8%. Los factores que incrementan la posibilidad de intento de suicido fueron: ser mujer (OR 3,1), tener menos de 16 años (OR 1,6), vivir en un clima familiar malo (OR 1,5) o con mala comunicación con los padres (OR 1,8), tener baja autoestima (OR 1,9), problemas de conducta o aprendizaje (OR 1,4) o tener una enfermedad mental (OR 3,6); haber sido forzados a tener contacto sexual (OR 2,6); o consumir drogas, tabaco o alcohol (OR 1,7, 1,2 y 1,7).Conclusiones: La prevención del intento de suicidio se debe dirigir a mujeres menores de 16 años; con un desorden psiquiátrico, problema de conducta o baja autoestima; que convivan en un ambiente familiar desfavorable; con comportamientos de riesgo como consumo de tabaco, alcohol o drogas; o que hayan sido forzados a tener contacto sexual