ABSTRACT Our aim was to associate anthropometric profile, body composition and body image perception with a positive screening for eating disorders in adolescents aged 10 to 14 years. The screening for eating disorders was carried out using the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), Children's Eating Attitudes Test (ChEAT) and Bulimic Investigatory Test Edinburgh (BITE). Weight, height and percentage of body fat were measured, the latter by a vertical bipolar bioimpedance. Body image perception was assessed using the Brazilian Silhouette Scale. The project was approved by the Ethics Committee for Human Research of the Federal University of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 1,300 adolescents were evaluated. The prevalence of screening for eating disorders was 5.5% (n= 71), overweight was 26.1% (n= 339) and high body fat percentage was 38.5% (n= 500). Body distortion was present in 56.9% (n= 740) of adolescents and body dissatisfaction was 79.3% (n= 1,031). Body Mass Index, the percentage of body fat and body dissatisfaction were considered risk factors for positive screening for eating disorders. It is important to evaluate the physical changes in adolescence and their implications on body dissatisfaction, the main risk factor for the development of eating disorders.