The secrecy of private wills and the certification of the notary public of having been granted in multiple copies with identical content
El carácter secreto del testamento cerrado y la certificación notarial de haberse otorgado en varios ejemplares de idéntico tenor
Author
Alcalde Silva, Jaime
Goldenberg Serrano, Juan Luis
Full text
https://revistaderecho.ucn.cl/index.php/revista-derecho/article/view/415310.22199/issn.0718-9753-4153
Abstract
In private wills, the legislator has tried to balance two interests that are object of legal protection: to safeguard the testator who does not wish to communicate his last will to third parties and to assure that, once it is necessary to carry out his testamentary provisions, we face the will of whom can no longer be consulted. The complexity of the formalities that normally entail the granting of private wills has motivated its disappearance in modern revisions of succession law, usually replacing it with the simplicity of the holographic will and its subsequent registration and now also by certain digital documents. The Chilean Civil Code has not yet followed such path, but practice has provided for certain variants that aim to lessen any doubt of the testator’s last will in case of loss of the document, such as its granting of several copies with the same content, circumstance that is certified by the respective Notary. Through the review of the sources and the breakdown of its legal formalities, we intend to verify that such certification is not possible without compromising the validity of the will as it affects its essential feature (the secrecy of tis provisions), urging to discard such practice and, if necessary, search for a legislative modification that grants the desired certainty to the testator. En la regulación de los testamentos cerrados, se ha pretendido equilibrar dos bienes jurídicos: proteger al testador que no desea poner su última voluntad en conocimiento de terceros y dar certeza de que, una vez que sea necesario llevar a efectos sus disposiciones, se esté efectivamente ante la voluntad de quien ya no puede ser consultado. La complejidad de las formalidades que acompañan al testamento cerrado ha motivado su desaparición en las revisiones modernas del derecho sucesorio, usualmente reemplazándolo por la simpleza del testamento ológrafo y su posterior registro y -ahora- por ciertos documentos digitales. El Código civil chileno no ha seguido igual camino, pero la práctica forense ha dado cuenta de variantes que pretenden evitar las dudas sobre la efectiva voluntad del testador frente a la eventual pérdida del documento, como es su otorgamiento en varios ejemplares de idéntico tenor, circunstancia que es certificada por el notario respectivo. Por medio de un estudio de las fuentes y del desglose de las formalidades legales, se pretende comprobar que ello no es posible sin comprometer la validez del testamento por incidir en su característica esencial (el secreto de las disposiciones), instando por desecharla y, de ser necesario, promover una modificación legislativa que conceda la certeza anhelada por el testador.
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