How do socioeconomic and political arrangements relate to sustainability? Based on a sample of 24 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, between 2011 and 2019, this study examines the hypothesis that better performance in socioeconomic and political variables is associated with higher levels of sustainability. Here, this concept is measured through the Social Progress Index (SPI) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 10, "Reduced Inequalities", and 11, "Sustainable Cities and Communities". The research design considers correlation tests, panel data regression, and an empirical description of the Chilean and Brazilian contexts. The results show that performance in the SPI and the SDG 11 is primarily associated with economic arrangements, while the SDG 10 is more closely linked to the political dynamics of the state. Furthermore, by analyzing Chile and Brazil, this study identifies that the countries also have particular effects on the indices. The conceptual impact of these results enriches socioeconomic and political interventions for sustainability and provides valuable insights for future research.¿Cuál es la relación entre los arreglos socioeconómicos y políticos y la sostenibilidad? Utilizando una muestra de 24 países de América Latina y el Caribe entre 2011 y 2019, este estudio pone a prueba la hipótesis de que un mejor desempeño en variables socioeconómicas y políticas está asociado con mayores índices de sostenibilidad. En esta investigación, la sostenibilidad se mide a través del Índice de Progreso Social (IPS) y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) 10, "Reducción de las Desigualdades", y 11, "Ciudades y Comunidades Sostenibles". El diseño de la investigación considera pruebas de correlación, regresión con datos en panel y una descripción empírica de las situaciones en Chile y Brasil. Se observa que el desempeño en el IPS y el ODS 11 están mayoritariamente asociados con arreglos económicos, mientras que el ODS 10 está relacionado con la dinámica política del Estado. Al analizar Chile y Brasil, se identifica que estos países también tienen efectos particulares en los índices. Con un impacto conceptual, los resultados de este estudio enriquecen las intervenciones socioeconómicas y políticas a favor de la sostenibilidad, y pueden servir de base para el desarrollo de futuras investigaciones en el campo.How do socioeconomic and political arrangements relate to sustainability? Based on a sample of 24 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, between 2011 and 2019, this study examines the hypothesis that better performance in socioeconomic and political variables is associated with higher levels of sustainability. Here, this concept is measured through the Social Progress Index (SPI) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 10, "Reduced Inequalities", and 11, "Sustainable Cities and Communities". The research design considers correlation tests, panel data regression, and an empirical description of the Chilean and Brazilian contexts. The results show that performance in the SPI and the SDG 11 is primarily associated with economic arrangements, while the SDG 10 is more closely linked to the political dynamics of the state. Furthermore, by analyzing Chile and Brazil, this study identifies that the countries also have particular effects on the indices. The conceptual impact of these results enriches socioeconomic and political interventions for sustainability and provides valuable insights for future research.