Chagas disease (ChD), caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is an endemic anthropozoonosis in Latin America, linked to deficientssocio-economic and cultural aspects and is considered one of the neglected tropical diseases. We report a fatal case of Chagas disease reactivation with central nervous system involvement in a patient with HIV infection, whose diagnosis was confirmedby positive PCR (polymerase chain reaction) test of blood, with treatment response efficien with benznidazol and management and etiologic treatment was difficuldue to limited number of antitrypanosomal drugs and the occurrence of frequent and serious adverse effects