Congenital deficiency of C3 fraction of the complement is a very rare condition. Clinically it is expressed as a deficiency of the humoral immunity. We report a case of C3 and C4 deficiency in a 1 year old infant girl. Her parents have a high consanguinity. She presented an acute meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology, and she evolved with severe neurological damage, and recurrent respiratory and urinary bacterial infections, sepsis and osteomielitis, with partial response to antimicrobials. The tests to investigate humoral and cellular immune response (lymphocyte subpopulations, serum immunoglobulins and subtypes of IgG) were normal. The patient had a deficit of C3 and C4, mainly C3, with absence of CH50. Both of her parents had C3 and C4 about 50% of normal values, and CH50 slightly under the normal valuesLa deficiencia congénita del 3er constituyente del Complemento (C3) es extremadamente rara, y se expresa clínicamente como un defecto de la inmunidad humoral. Se comunica un caso de deficiencia C3 y C4 en un lactante de sexo femenino de 1 año de edad, hijo de padres consanguíneos, que presentó un cuadro de meningoencefalitis aguda de etiología no precisada, con secuela neurológica severa e infecciones bacterianas recurrentes, respiratorias y urinarias, septicemia y osteomielitis, con respuesta parcial a antimicrobianos. El estudio de inmunidad humoral y celular (subpoblaciones linfocitarias, inmunoglobulinas séricas y subclases de IgG) fue normal, demostrándose déficit de C3 y C4 con CH50 ausente en la niña y cifras bajas de C3 y C4, cercanas al 50% del valor normal en ambos padres