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dc.creatorMatus,Iván
dc.creatorMellado,Mario
dc.creatorPinares,Marcos
dc.creatorMadariaga,Ricardo
dc.creatordel Pozo,Alejandro
dc.date2012-09-01
dc.date.accessioned2019-04-24T21:19:26Z
dc.date.available2019-04-24T21:19:26Z
dc.identifierhttps://scielo.conicyt.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-58392012000300001
dc.identifier.urihttp://revistaschilenas.uchile.cl/handle/2250/55706
dc.descriptionWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the major crop in terms of planted area and presents the largest distribution in the country covering a wide range of climatic regions. This study assesses the changes of various agronomic traits of winter wheat cultivars released in Chile between 1920 and 2000. A total of 117 winter accessions, representing 45 old and 72 modern cultivars were tested in a humid Mediterranean-type climate, with irrigation, in 2003. Old cultivars were those released before 1960 and modern ones were those released after 1960. Principal component (PC) analysis using 10 agronomic traits clearly separate modern from old cultivars of winter wheat. Comparing modern cultivars with old ones, plant height have been reduced by 25.6%, but others traits have increased, like harvest index (21.1%), number of grains per ear (42.6%), sedimentation value (103%), and grain hardness (32.0%). The variation in plant height was negatively correlated with harvest index (r = -0.30, p < 0.001). Grain yield, a trait not included in PC analysis, was highly correlated with the second PC (r = 0.81, p < 0.0001). Significant (p < 0.01) correlations were found between the year of release of cultivars and agronomic traits: plant height (r = -0.82), harvest index (r = 0.40), number of grain per ear (r = 0.69), sedimentation value (r = 0.64), and kernel weight (r = -0.46). Those correlations were mostly a consequence of absence or presence of dwarfing genes in the germplasm. Finally, the yield progress was calculated from yield data of yield trial with 15-25 cultivars and advanced lines of winter wheat tested almost every year from 1965 to 2001, showed no increase in yield between 1965 and 1975, but an increment of 246 kg ha-1 per year between 1976 and 1998, representing an annual increase of 2.6%.
dc.formattext/html
dc.languageen
dc.publisherInstituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA
dc.relation10.4067/S0718-58392012000300001
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.sourceChilean journal of agricultural research v.72 n.3 2012
dc.subjectGenetic improvement
dc.subjectgrain quality
dc.subjectMediterranean environment
dc.subjectold and new cultivars
dc.subjectprincipal components
dc.subjectyield progress
dc.titleGenetic Progress in Winter Wheat Cultivars released in Chile from 1920 to 2000


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