The aim of this study was to evaluate, by the use of clinical and radiographic records, the prevalence of internal resorption in anterior permanent teeth of patients from the Clinic of Specialization in Endodontics of Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil; related to the period of September of 2001 to June of 2007. 888 medical records from the archives of the clinic were analyzed. Among them 232 referred to anterior teeth. The presence and the location of the resorption were radiographically observed. The obtained results verified that the internal resorption was prevalent in 2.16% of the cases, with 0.86% located in coronal region, 0.44% in root region and 0.86% in both regions. We concluded that, despite of being a pathology of low incidence, the knowledge of it is important to the specialist, in order to provide a reliable diagnose and to plan a suitable treatment, once the negligence in a case of internal resorption in anterior permanent teeth can cause the loss of dental element and functional and esthetic alterations in the patient.