The skipjack tuna is the main tuna species caught in Brazil with pole and live-bait. Samples taken during 1984-1986 and the 2004-2009 periods provided length, weight and age data. A comparison of the population structure was made showing a decrease in the median and means of fork length in the 80's (median: 55 cm) and recent years (median: 51 cm), an increased participation of smaller individuals (40 cm) in recent catches, a high variability of lengths in each year class and a decrease of the condition factor K. These results indicate alterations in the population structure and dynamics. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters calculated for the recent years were L∞= 669 mm; k = 0.24 yr-1; t o = -3.8. CPUE data for the studied period seems to be stable (mean annual catch of 20,000 ton). However, the unit of effort used in Brazil (fishing days) does not reflect changes in fishing power and technology properly as occurred during 30 years of exploitation. It is concluded that the present situation requires a close monitoring of the fishery.