ABSTRACT Polyculture systems are integrated cultivation systems where two or more aquatic species are maintained at the same place using locally available ecological resources. The purpose of this study was to analyze the zootechnical performance of curimatã-pacu (Prochilodus argenteus) when polyculture with canela shrimps (Macrobrachium acanthurus) and with dehydrated cassava leaf bran comparatively with monoculture. 96 curimatã-pacu fishes (P. argenteus) and 72 canela shrimps (M. acanthurus) were cultivated. At the beginning of the experiment, their average body masses were 10.77 ± 1.29 and 3.68 ± 0.74 g, respectively, randomly distributed in a factorial scheme with a full random experimental design in 24 polyethylene water tanks (70 L) in water recirculation system, comprising two simultaneous factors: curimatã pacu monoculture (4 fishes: 0 shrimps per tank) and curimatã pacu and canela shrimp polyculture (4 fishes: 6 shrimps per tank), was added dehydrated cassava leaf meal (DCLM) to the monocultures and polycultures in different percentages: 0% (treatment 1, T1), 10% (T2) and 20% (T3), with four replicas each. The results indicated that presence of shrimps and the higher concentration of DCLM (20%) had a negative impact on the fish development regarding final total biomass (BF), absolute growth rate (AGR), and feed conversion rate (FCR). However, the diet with the addition of up to 10% DCLM in P. argenteus in monoculture systems, obtained a zootechnical performance similar to control, thereby reducing the feed costs for this species.