The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between positive affectivity and school refusal based on four explanatory factors: I. Avoidance of Negative Affectivity, II. Escape from aversive Social/Evaluative situations, III. Pursuit from Attention and IV. Pursuit of Tangible Reinforcement. 1078 Spanish students participated from 3rd to 6th of Primary Education (M = 9.63; SD = 1.12) who completed the 10-Item Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children and the School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised. Positive affectivity predicted negative and significantly higher scores of school refusal for the first two factors, while in a positive and significantly way for the third and fourth factor. The role of positive affectivity as a protective factor of school refusal is discussed.El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar la relación entre el afecto positivo y el rechazo escolar en función de cuatro factores explicativos: I. Evitar la Afectividad Negativa, II. Escapar de la aversión Social/Evaluación, III. Captar la Atención y IV. Obtener Refuerzos Tangibles. Participaron 1078 estudiantes españoles de 3º a 6º de Educación Primaria (M = 9.63; DE = 1.12) quienes cumplimentaron la 10-Item Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children y la School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised. El afecto positivo predijo negativa y significativamente altas puntuaciones de rechazo escolar para los dos primeros factores, mientras que de manera positiva y significativa para el tercer y cuarto factor. Se discute el papel del afecto positivo como factor protector del rechazo escolar.