The role of perceived social support in predicting emotional intelligence among adolescents in the Dominican Republic.
El rol del apoyo social percibido en la predicción de la inteligencia emocional entre adolescentes de la República Dominicana
Author
Jiménez, Mercedes Nancy
Axpe, Inge
Esnaola, Igor
Abstract
The present study analyses the predictive capacity of perceived social support (significant people, family and friends) on emotional intelligence, considered from the skill model (attention, clarity and repair) and from the mixed model (intrapersonal, interpersonal, stress management, and adaptability), according to gender and age. Participants were 490 high school students, 300 girls (61.2%) and 190 boys (38.8%), subdivided into two age groups, 11 to 14 years (M = 12.49, SD = .615) and 15 to 19 years (M = 15.06, SD = .811) resident in the Dominican Republic. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) questionnaire was used to measure social support and the Trait Meta Mood Scale (TMMS) and the Emotional Quotient Inventory: Youth Version Short (EQ-i: YV-S) were used to measure emotional intelligence. In general, the results show that different sources of social support predict emotional intelligence among girls, and only family support predicts emotional intelligence among boys. These data point to the need to promote perceived social support in adolescence, especially among women, due to its greater relationship with EI, especially with EI ability. En el presente estudio se analiza la capacidad predictiva del apoyo social percibido (personas significativas, familia y amistades) sobre la inteligencia emocional considerada desde el modelo de habilidad (atención, claridad y reparación) y desde el modelo mixto (intrapersonal, interpersonal, manejo del estrés y adaptabilidad), en función del sexo y la edad. Participaron 490 estudiantes de educación secundaria, 300 chicas (61.2%) y 190 chicos (38.8%), subdivididos en dos grupos de edad, de 11 a 14 años (M = 12.49, DT = .615) y de 15 a 19 años (M = 15.06, DT = .811) residentes en la República Dominicana. Para medir el apoyo social se ha utilizado el cuestionario Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) y para medir la inteligencia emocional el Trait Meta Mood Scale (TMMS) y el Emotional Quotient Inventory: Youth Version Short (EQ-i: YV-S). En general, los resultados muestran que las diferentes fuentes del apoyo social predicen la inteligencia emocional entre las chicas, y solamente el apoyo familiar predice la inteligencia emocional entre los chicos. Estos datos apuntan hacia la necesidad de favorecer el apoyo social percibido en la adolescencia, especialmente entre las mujeres, por su mayor relación con la IE, especialmente, con la IE habilidad.